Author Archives: Rüdiger Maschke

Decisive bioprocess parameters such as biomass and product concentration or metabolite concentrations in the medium are often not directly measurable, requiring offline sampling which does not provide immediate results. Despite the development of new measuring systems and probes, not every parameter can always be measured directly online. This can be remedied by soft-sensors (sometimes also called software sensors), which calculate the desired parameter based on a model or a simple correlation of known measured values.